Mark Archer

This is philosophical method of therapy that operates on the belief that inner conflict within a person is due to that individual’s confrontation with the givens of existence. These givens are:  the inevitability of death,  freedom and its attendant responsibility,  existential isolation and finally meaninglessness.

These four givens are seen as predictable tensions and paradoxes of the four dimensions of human existence,  the physical,  social,  personal and spiritual realms.